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Review Article 


Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction

Sri Mulyati, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rahmat Setya Adji, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Nuha Fairusya, Imam Mustofa, Bambang Ngaji Utomo, Rina Dewiyanti, Widodo Suwito, Harimurti Nuradji, Sidna Artanto, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Andi Thafida Khalisa, Muhammad ‘ahdi Kurniawan, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Syahputra Wibowo, Ainun Ganisia.


Abstract
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv). Although BGC has been reported globally, its prevalence is significant in developing nations where natural breeding is commonly employed for cow reproduction. It is found worldwide. Female cattle with this disease may become temporarily infertile, and a tiny percentage (5%–10%) of affected animals may occasionally have abortions in the third trimester. The subclinical manifestation of this disease in bulls, where there are no overt clinical signs and a protracted possible carrier stage, is a significant feature. Sexually transmitted Cfv can lead to reproductive issues, including lower cow birth rates, return of estrus, and low pregnancy rates. Campylobacter fetus infections in the genital tract of cows and heifers typically only cause mild to moderate endometritis, moderate cervicitis, and salpingitis. The most widely used diagnostic techniques are polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent antibody test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and culture. Commercial vaccinations for BGC prevention are administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously and contain bacterin and adjuvant. BGC-positive bulls are treatable with both systemic and topical antimicrobial therapy. The disease is usually self-limiting, and cows may return to estrus after a few months. Control strategies include testing and culling of affected animals, vaccination of all bulls, cows, and heifers, and use of artificial insemination with controlled semen.

Key words: Abortion; BGC; Cow; Ruminants; Sexually transmitted disease.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mulyati S, Khairullah AR, Adji RS, Moses IB, Fairusya N, Mustofa I, Utomo BN, Dewiyanti R, Suwito W, Nuradji H, Artanto S, Wardhani BWK, Kurniasih DAA, Khalisa AT, Kurniawan Mâ, Akintunde AO, Wibowo S, Ganisia A. Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(10): 4834-4846. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.4

Web Style

Mulyati S, Khairullah AR, Adji RS, Moses IB, Fairusya N, Mustofa I, Utomo BN, Dewiyanti R, Suwito W, Nuradji H, Artanto S, Wardhani BWK, Kurniasih DAA, Khalisa AT, Kurniawan Mâ, Akintunde AO, Wibowo S, Ganisia A. Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=261959 [Access: October 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.4

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mulyati S, Khairullah AR, Adji RS, Moses IB, Fairusya N, Mustofa I, Utomo BN, Dewiyanti R, Suwito W, Nuradji H, Artanto S, Wardhani BWK, Kurniasih DAA, Khalisa AT, Kurniawan Mâ, Akintunde AO, Wibowo S, Ganisia A. Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(10): 4834-4846. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.4


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mulyati S, Khairullah AR, Adji RS, Moses IB, Fairusya N, Mustofa I, Utomo BN, Dewiyanti R, Suwito W, Nuradji H, Artanto S, Wardhani BWK, Kurniasih DAA, Khalisa AT, Kurniawan Mâ, Akintunde AO, Wibowo S, Ganisia A. Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited October 31, 2025]; 15(10): 4834-4846. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.4


Harvard Style

Mulyati, S., Khairullah, . A. R., Adji, . R. S., Moses, . I. B., Fairusya, . N., Mustofa, . I., Utomo, . B. N., Dewiyanti, . R., Suwito, . W., Nuradji, . H., Artanto, . S., Wardhani, . B. W. K., Kurniasih, . D. A. A., Khalisa, . A. T., Kurniawan, . M. â., Akintunde, . A. O., Wibowo, . S. & Ganisia, . A. (2025) Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction. Open Vet. J., 15 (10), 4834-4846. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.4


Turabian Style

Mulyati, Sri, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rahmat Setya Adji, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Nuha Fairusya, Imam Mustofa, Bambang Ngaji Utomo, Rina Dewiyanti, Widodo Suwito, Harimurti Nuradji, Sidna Artanto, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Andi Thafida Khalisa, Muhammad ‘ahdi Kurniawan, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Syahputra Wibowo, and Ainun Ganisia. 2025. Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (10), 4834-4846. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.4


Chicago Style

Mulyati, Sri, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rahmat Setya Adji, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Nuha Fairusya, Imam Mustofa, Bambang Ngaji Utomo, Rina Dewiyanti, Widodo Suwito, Harimurti Nuradji, Sidna Artanto, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Andi Thafida Khalisa, Muhammad ‘ahdi Kurniawan, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Syahputra Wibowo, and Ainun Ganisia. "Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 4834-4846. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.4


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mulyati, Sri, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rahmat Setya Adji, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Nuha Fairusya, Imam Mustofa, Bambang Ngaji Utomo, Rina Dewiyanti, Widodo Suwito, Harimurti Nuradji, Sidna Artanto, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Andi Thafida Khalisa, Muhammad ‘ahdi Kurniawan, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Syahputra Wibowo, and Ainun Ganisia. "Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction." Open Veterinary Journal 15.10 (2025), 4834-4846. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.4


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mulyati, S., Khairullah, . A. R., Adji, . R. S., Moses, . I. B., Fairusya, . N., Mustofa, . I., Utomo, . B. N., Dewiyanti, . R., Suwito, . W., Nuradji, . H., Artanto, . S., Wardhani, . B. W. K., Kurniasih, . D. A. A., Khalisa, . A. T., Kurniawan, . M. â., Akintunde, . A. O., Wibowo, . S. & Ganisia, . A. (2025) Understanding bovine genital campylobacteriosis: A comprehensive review of its threat to global cattle reproduction. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (10), 4834-4846. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.4


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