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Research Article


A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue

Uly Astuti Siregar, Dewi Sukmawati, Agus Dwi Susanto, Satirah Zainalabidin, Arif Budianto, Sri Widia A. Jusman.


Abstract
Background:
The incidence of haze from Indonesian forest and peatland fires is a major concern due to its adverse health effects, particularly due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, leading to adverse effects on the lungs.

Aim:
This study designed a whole-body PM2.5 exposure chamber to develop a PM2.5 exposure model with varying concentrations and durations, and then evaluated its impact on lung tissue.

Methods:
Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three treatment groups with PM2.5 exposure at concentrations of 300, 500, and 700 µg/m³ for 10, 20, and 30 days. The morphology of PM2.5 was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detector. Lung tissue histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for lung injury scoring and Masson’s trichrome (MT) for the percentage of fibrotic areas.

Results:
SEM-EDS results showed particles deposited within the alveolar cavity. The highest PM2.5 exposure group (700 µg/m³) had significantly higher lung tissue injury scores and fibrotic areas than the control group across all durations (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Exposure to PM2.5 from peat land-burning smoke causes significant lung tissue injury and fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner in Wistar rats.

Key words: Biomass-burning smoke; Histopathology; Lung injury; Peatland fire; PM2.5.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Siregar UA, Sukmawati D, Susanto AD, Zainalabidin S, Budianto A, Jusman SWA. A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(3): 1781-1792. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.35

Web Style

Siregar UA, Sukmawati D, Susanto AD, Zainalabidin S, Budianto A, Jusman SWA. A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=278462 [Access: March 31, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.35

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Siregar UA, Sukmawati D, Susanto AD, Zainalabidin S, Budianto A, Jusman SWA. A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(3): 1781-1792. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.35


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Siregar UA, Sukmawati D, Susanto AD, Zainalabidin S, Budianto A, Jusman SWA. A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited March 31, 2026]; 16(3): 1781-1792. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.35


Harvard Style

Siregar, U. A., Sukmawati, . D., Susanto, . A. D., Zainalabidin, . S., Budianto, . A. & Jusman, . S. W. A. (2026) A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue. Open Vet. J., 16 (3), 1781-1792. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.35


Turabian Style

Siregar, Uly Astuti, Dewi Sukmawati, Agus Dwi Susanto, Satirah Zainalabidin, Arif Budianto, and Sri Widia A. Jusman. 2026. A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (3), 1781-1792. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.35


Chicago Style

Siregar, Uly Astuti, Dewi Sukmawati, Agus Dwi Susanto, Satirah Zainalabidin, Arif Budianto, and Sri Widia A. Jusman. "A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 1781-1792. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.35


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Siregar, Uly Astuti, Dewi Sukmawati, Agus Dwi Susanto, Satirah Zainalabidin, Arif Budianto, and Sri Widia A. Jusman. "A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue." Open Veterinary Journal 16.3 (2026), 1781-1792. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.35


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Siregar, U. A., Sukmawati, . D., Susanto, . A. D., Zainalabidin, . S., Budianto, . A. & Jusman, . S. W. A. (2026) A peat-burning smoke exposure model and its effects on rat pulmonary tissue. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (3), 1781-1792. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.35


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