Abstract
Background:
Nephrolithiasis is a kidney disorder caused by the formation of crystals through physiological and chemical processes in the body, with calcium oxalate being a major contributor. Moringa oleifera leaves are known for their antioxidant, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory properties, containing alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, phenolics, and tannins.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) as a calcium oxalate crystal inhibitor, its effect on reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and histopathological changes in kidneys.

Methods:
Fifty male Rattus norvegicus aged 12 weeks and weighing 200 grams were divided into five groups of ten. The groups included: normal control (C) without treatment, untreated ethylene glycol (EG)-induced group (T0), and EG-induced groups treated with MLE at doses of 200 mg/kgbw (T1), 316 mg/kgbw (T2), and 500 mg/kgbw (T3) at 4-hour intervals after EG induction. EG and MLE were administered orally using a gastric tube for 21 days. Parameters observed included SOD and MDA activities, calcium oxalate crystals, and kidney histopathology.

Results:
MLE inhibited calcium oxalate crystal formation, reduced MDA levels, increased SOD activity, and prevented degeneration of tubular epithelial cells, epithelial necrosis, and interstitial inflammation in the kidneys.

Conclusion:
MLE demonstrated calcium oxalate crystal dissolution activity, antioxidant effect by reducing MDA, enhanced SOD activity, and improved kidney conditions, thereby contributing to good health and well-being.

Key words: Antioxidant, Degeneration, Good health and well-being, Necrosis, Urinary crystals