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Research Article


Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol

Dewa Ketut Meles, Imam Mustofa, Wurlina Wurlina, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Kadek Rachmawati, Astri Nur Hidayah, Niluh Suwasanti, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Fitrine Ekawasti, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Audrey Gracelia Riwu.


Abstract
Background:
Nephrolithiasis is a kidney disorder caused by the formation of crystals through physiological and chemical processes in the body, with calcium oxalate being a major contributor. Moringa oleifera leaves are known for their antioxidant, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory properties, containing alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, phenolics, and tannins.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) as a calcium oxalate crystal inhibitor, its effect on reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and histopathological changes in kidneys.

Methods:
Fifty male Rattus norvegicus aged 12 weeks and weighing 200 grams were divided into five groups of ten. The groups included: normal control (C) without treatment, untreated ethylene glycol (EG)-induced group (T0), and EG-induced groups treated with MLE at doses of 200 mg/kgbw (T1), 316 mg/kgbw (T2), and 500 mg/kgbw (T3) at 4-hour intervals after EG induction. EG and MLE were administered orally using a gastric tube for 21 days. Parameters observed included SOD and MDA activities, calcium oxalate crystals, and kidney histopathology.

Results:
MLE inhibited calcium oxalate crystal formation, reduced MDA levels, increased SOD activity, and prevented degeneration of tubular epithelial cells, epithelial necrosis, and interstitial inflammation in the kidneys.

Conclusion:
MLE demonstrated calcium oxalate crystal dissolution activity, antioxidant effect by reducing MDA, enhanced SOD activity, and improved kidney conditions, thereby contributing to good health and well-being.

Key words: Antioxidant, Degeneration, Good health and well-being, Necrosis, Urinary crystals


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Wurlina W, Rosyada ZNA, Khairullah AR, Rachmawati K, Hidayah AN, Suwasanti N, Mustofa RI, Akintunde AO, Ahmad RZ, Ekawasti F, Riwu KHP, Riwu AG. Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(4): 1734-1746. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.25

Web Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Wurlina W, Rosyada ZNA, Khairullah AR, Rachmawati K, Hidayah AN, Suwasanti N, Mustofa RI, Akintunde AO, Ahmad RZ, Ekawasti F, Riwu KHP, Riwu AG. Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=237362 [Access: June 22, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.25

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Wurlina W, Rosyada ZNA, Khairullah AR, Rachmawati K, Hidayah AN, Suwasanti N, Mustofa RI, Akintunde AO, Ahmad RZ, Ekawasti F, Riwu KHP, Riwu AG. Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(4): 1734-1746. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.25


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Wurlina W, Rosyada ZNA, Khairullah AR, Rachmawati K, Hidayah AN, Suwasanti N, Mustofa RI, Akintunde AO, Ahmad RZ, Ekawasti F, Riwu KHP, Riwu AG. Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited June 22, 2025]; 15(4): 1734-1746. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.25


Harvard Style

Meles, D. K., Mustofa, . I., Wurlina, . W., Rosyada, . Z. N. A., Khairullah, . A. R., Rachmawati, . K., Hidayah, . A. N., Suwasanti, . N., Mustofa, . R. I., Akintunde, . A. O., Ahmad, . R. Z., Ekawasti, . F., Riwu, . K. H. P. & Riwu, . A. G. (2025) Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol. Open Vet J, 15 (4), 1734-1746. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.25


Turabian Style

Meles, Dewa Ketut, Imam Mustofa, Wurlina Wurlina, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Kadek Rachmawati, Astri Nur Hidayah, Niluh Suwasanti, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Fitrine Ekawasti, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, and Audrey Gracelia Riwu. 2025. Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (4), 1734-1746. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.25


Chicago Style

Meles, Dewa Ketut, Imam Mustofa, Wurlina Wurlina, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Kadek Rachmawati, Astri Nur Hidayah, Niluh Suwasanti, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Fitrine Ekawasti, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, and Audrey Gracelia Riwu. "Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 1734-1746. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.25


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Meles, Dewa Ketut, Imam Mustofa, Wurlina Wurlina, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Kadek Rachmawati, Astri Nur Hidayah, Niluh Suwasanti, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Fitrine Ekawasti, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, and Audrey Gracelia Riwu. "Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol." Open Veterinary Journal 15.4 (2025), 1734-1746. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.25


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Meles, D. K., Mustofa, . I., Wurlina, . W., Rosyada, . Z. N. A., Khairullah, . A. R., Rachmawati, . K., Hidayah, . A. N., Suwasanti, . N., Mustofa, . R. I., Akintunde, . A. O., Ahmad, . R. Z., Ekawasti, . F., Riwu, . K. H. P. & Riwu, . A. G. (2025) Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on renal histopathology, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and calcium oxalate crystals in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ethylene glycol. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (4), 1734-1746. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.25


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