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Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease

Dwi Kristanto, Nabila Tsabitsa Ramadhani, Brigitta Sekar Ayu, Rif Anna, Ovia Mustika Kusumawardhani, Aprilia Rizky Riadini, Tiara Widyaputri, Dodik Prasetyo, Siti Khairunissa, Wike Andre Septian.


Abstract
Background:
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease in cloven-hoofed animals and remains a significant cause of economic loss in the livestock sector. In addition to causing characteristic clinical symptoms, FMD infection triggers a systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress that can alter various biochemical and cardiac parameters. However, information on the biochemical and antioxidant profiles of local Indonesian cattle, particularly Madura cattle, remains limited.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate changes in acute phase proteins (APPs), cardiac markers, and antioxidant enzyme activity in Madura cattle naturally infected with FMD, and to analyze the relationships between these biochemical parameters during the infection and recovery phases.

Methods:
Ten 2.5±0.5-year-old male Madura cattle clinically diagnosed with FMD had blood samples taken twice during the infection phase (days 3–7) and the recovery phase (days 28–30). The biochemical parameters analyzed included Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase–Myocardial Band (CK-MB), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Cardiac Troponin I (cTn-I), Haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive Protein (CrP), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) using ELISA and spectrophotometry methods. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Spearman's correlation with a significance level of p<0.05.

Results:
There were significant differences (p<0.05) between the infection and recovery phases in CK and CK-MB, while LDH, Hp, CrP, GPx, MDA, and SOD showed no significant differences. A strong positive correlation was found between CK and CK-MB in the infection phase (r=0.85, p<0.01), indicating simultaneous damage to skeletal muscle and myocardium. In the recovery phase, there was a positive relationship between Hp and GPx (r=0.80, p<0.01), indicating recovery of antioxidant function as the inflammatory response decreased.

Conclusion:
FMD infection in Madura cattle causes physiological changes characterized by increased cardiac biomarkers and acute phase proteins and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. The positive relationship between Hp and GPx reflects the link between the inflammatory process and oxidative stress during recovery. The combination of APP parameters and antioxidant enzymes can be used as biochemical indicators to assess the severity and health status of FMD-infected cattle.

Key words: Acute phase protein; Cardiac marker; Foot-and-mouth disease; Madura; Oxidative stress.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kristanto D, Ramadhani NT, Ayu BS, Anna R, Kusumawardhani OM, Riadini AR, Widyaputri T, Prasetyo D, Khairunissa S, Septian WA. Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(2): 824-833. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.6

Web Style

Kristanto D, Ramadhani NT, Ayu BS, Anna R, Kusumawardhani OM, Riadini AR, Widyaputri T, Prasetyo D, Khairunissa S, Septian WA. Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=290987 [Access: February 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.6

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kristanto D, Ramadhani NT, Ayu BS, Anna R, Kusumawardhani OM, Riadini AR, Widyaputri T, Prasetyo D, Khairunissa S, Septian WA. Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(2): 824-833. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.6


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kristanto D, Ramadhani NT, Ayu BS, Anna R, Kusumawardhani OM, Riadini AR, Widyaputri T, Prasetyo D, Khairunissa S, Septian WA. Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited February 27, 2026]; 16(2): 824-833. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.6


Harvard Style

Kristanto, D., Ramadhani, . N. T., Ayu, . B. S., Anna, . R., Kusumawardhani, . O. M., Riadini, . A. R., Widyaputri, . T., Prasetyo, . D., Khairunissa, . S. & Septian, . W. A. (2026) Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Open Vet. J., 16 (2), 824-833. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.6


Turabian Style

Kristanto, Dwi, Nabila Tsabitsa Ramadhani, Brigitta Sekar Ayu, Rif Anna, Ovia Mustika Kusumawardhani, Aprilia Rizky Riadini, Tiara Widyaputri, Dodik Prasetyo, Siti Khairunissa, and Wike Andre Septian. 2026. Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (2), 824-833. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.6


Chicago Style

Kristanto, Dwi, Nabila Tsabitsa Ramadhani, Brigitta Sekar Ayu, Rif Anna, Ovia Mustika Kusumawardhani, Aprilia Rizky Riadini, Tiara Widyaputri, Dodik Prasetyo, Siti Khairunissa, and Wike Andre Septian. "Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 824-833. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.6


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kristanto, Dwi, Nabila Tsabitsa Ramadhani, Brigitta Sekar Ayu, Rif Anna, Ovia Mustika Kusumawardhani, Aprilia Rizky Riadini, Tiara Widyaputri, Dodik Prasetyo, Siti Khairunissa, and Wike Andre Septian. "Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease." Open Veterinary Journal 16.2 (2026), 824-833. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.6


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kristanto, D., Ramadhani, . N. T., Ayu, . B. S., Anna, . R., Kusumawardhani, . O. M., Riadini, . A. R., Widyaputri, . T., Prasetyo, . D., Khairunissa, . S. & Septian, . W. A. (2026) Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (2), 824-833. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.6


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