E-ISSN 2218-6050 | ISSN 2226-4485
 
2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 12
15 / 12Current Issue ArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

OVJ Manuscript Submissio Form
mainarticle_template

Research Article


Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep

Hany Hassan, Ahmed Kamr, Abdel Nasser El-gendy, Ramiro Toribio, Amira R. Khattab, Walid Mousa, Hadeer Khaled, Abdelsalam Elkholey, Mohamed Kasem, Ali Arbaga.


Abstract
Background:
Silymarin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and antimicrobial properties that are superior to those of traditional treatments. These properties will enhance the further use of this medicinal plant in the veterinary field.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin against sheep bacterial pneumonia using clinical, biochemical, and metabolomics approaches.

Methods:
Fifty adult male Barki sheep were divided into two groups based on their health status. Group 1 included healthy sheep (n = 10); group 2 included sick sheep with clinical evidence of pneumonia (n = 40), which were further classified into four subgroups based on treatment protocols: subgroup 1 (SG1) received traditional treatment; subgroup 2 (SG2) received traditional treatment plus 280 mg of silymarin orally daily; subgroup 3 (SG3) received 280 mg of silymarin orally daily; and subgroup 4 (SG4) received 560 mg of silymarin orally daily. Efficacy-directed distinction between therapeutic groups was accomplished based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) generated serum metabolite profiles supported by partial least squares regression analysis (PLS).

Results:
The PLS score plot showed a clear discrimination between the healthy and pneumonic sheep groups that exhibited lower concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glucose but significantly elevated liver enzyme, urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Clinical evaluations demonstrated that oral administration of 560 mg of silymarin produced the most rapid clinical improvement. However, metabolomic profiling indicated that 280 mg silymarin (SG3) therapy provided the most favorable therapeutic outcome, as it was strongly associated with the upregulation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glucose, and both total and HDL-cholesterol levels.

Conclusion:
Pneumonic sheep treated with silymarin (560 and 280 mg) exhibited greater clinical, metabolomic, and biochemical improvement than those treated with traditional treatment alone.

Key words: Silybum marianum; Clinical healing; Sheep; Pneumonia.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Hany Hassan
Articles by Ahmed Kamr
Articles by Abdel Nasser El-Gendy
Articles by Ramiro Toribio
Articles by Amira R. Khattab
Articles by Walid Mousa
Articles by Hadeer khaled
Articles by Abdelsalam Elkholey
Articles by Mohamed Kasem
Articles by Ali Arbaga
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hassan H, Kamr A, El-gendy AN, Toribio R, Khattab AR, Mousa W, Khaled H, Elkholey A, Kasem M, Arbaga A. Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6268-6286. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.11

Web Style

Hassan H, Kamr A, El-gendy AN, Toribio R, Khattab AR, Mousa W, Khaled H, Elkholey A, Kasem M, Arbaga A. Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=278183 [Access: December 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.11

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hassan H, Kamr A, El-gendy AN, Toribio R, Khattab AR, Mousa W, Khaled H, Elkholey A, Kasem M, Arbaga A. Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6268-6286. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.11


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hassan H, Kamr A, El-gendy AN, Toribio R, Khattab AR, Mousa W, Khaled H, Elkholey A, Kasem M, Arbaga A. Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited December 31, 2025]; 15(12): 6268-6286. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.11


Harvard Style

Hassan, H., Kamr, . A., El-gendy, . A. N., Toribio, . R., Khattab, . A. R., Mousa, . W., Khaled, . H., Elkholey, . A., Kasem, . M. & Arbaga, . A. (2025) Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep. Open Vet. J., 15 (12), 6268-6286. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.11


Turabian Style

Hassan, Hany, Ahmed Kamr, Abdel Nasser El-gendy, Ramiro Toribio, Amira R. Khattab, Walid Mousa, Hadeer Khaled, Abdelsalam Elkholey, Mohamed Kasem, and Ali Arbaga. 2025. Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6268-6286. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.11


Chicago Style

Hassan, Hany, Ahmed Kamr, Abdel Nasser El-gendy, Ramiro Toribio, Amira R. Khattab, Walid Mousa, Hadeer Khaled, Abdelsalam Elkholey, Mohamed Kasem, and Ali Arbaga. "Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 6268-6286. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.11


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hassan, Hany, Ahmed Kamr, Abdel Nasser El-gendy, Ramiro Toribio, Amira R. Khattab, Walid Mousa, Hadeer Khaled, Abdelsalam Elkholey, Mohamed Kasem, and Ali Arbaga. "Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep." Open Veterinary Journal 15.12 (2025), 6268-6286. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.11


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hassan, H., Kamr, . A., El-gendy, . A. N., Toribio, . R., Khattab, . A. R., Mousa, . W., Khaled, . H., Elkholey, . A., Kasem, . M. & Arbaga, . A. (2025) Clinicobiochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics for determining the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in pneumonic Barki sheep. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6268-6286. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.11


Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyTerms of UseLicense InformationCopyright Information

About Open Veterinary Journal

Open Veterinary Journal provides a fast track coupled with high quality peer review process for original research articles, review articles, short communi ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information

All correspondence should be addressed to:

Prof. Ibrahim Eldaghayes: Owner, Founder and Editor-in-Chief

Open Veterinary Journal


Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli

P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya

and


Eldaghayes Publisher

www.eldaghayes.com 

Email: ibrahim.eldaghayes@vetmed.edu.ly