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Research Article


Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean

Zeinab Al-amgad, Amany Ahmed Abd El-aziz, Fatma A. Madkour, Hend Al-amgad, Asmaa W. Basher, Heba A. Mohammed, Asmaa Elnagar, Ibrahim F. Rehan, František Zigo, Martina Zigová, Mariam M. Jad.


Abstract
Background:
Male infertility is closely linked to testicular damage caused by environmental chemicals. Carbon tetrachloride (CClâ‚„), widely used in manufacturing chlorinated chemicals, is highly toxic to the liver, testes, and other organs. Its testicular toxicity involves oxidative stress, apoptosis, and hyperlipidemia. Plant-derived proteins such as soybeans, with phytoestrogenic properties, have gained attention for their potential health benefits.

Aim:
This study investigated the protective effect of soybean on CClâ‚„-induced testicular damage.

Methods:
Twenty-eight male albino rats were divided into four groups: control, CClâ‚„-treated (1.0 ml/kg intraperitoneally, thrice weekly for three weeks), CClâ‚„-treated plus 10% soybean diet, and CClâ‚„-treated plus 30% soybean diet (as a schematic cartoon in Figure 1). After seven weeks, serum lipoproteins, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured; histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed, including cleaved caspase-3 expression.

Results:
CClâ‚„ exposure significantly reduced HDL, increased LDL, elevated MDA, altered GPx activity, intensified caspase-3 staining, and caused marked testicular structural deterioration. Soybean supplementation ameliorated these effects, restoring lipid profiles, reducing oxidative markers, preserving testicular architecture, improving spermatogenesis, and mitigating caspase-3 expression.

Conclusion:
Overall, soybean exerts antioxidant and immunoprotective effects against CClâ‚„-induced testicular damage, suggesting a potential dietary strategy to counteract reproductive toxicity.

Key words: CCl4; Soybean; Testes; Histomorphology; GPx, caspase 3.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Al-amgad Z, El-aziz AAA, Madkour FA, Al-amgad H, Basher AW, Mohammed HA, Elnagar A, Rehan IF, Zigo F, Zigová M, Jad MM. Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(3): 1808-1822. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.37

Web Style

Al-amgad Z, El-aziz AAA, Madkour FA, Al-amgad H, Basher AW, Mohammed HA, Elnagar A, Rehan IF, Zigo F, Zigová M, Jad MM. Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=277757 [Access: March 31, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.37

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Al-amgad Z, El-aziz AAA, Madkour FA, Al-amgad H, Basher AW, Mohammed HA, Elnagar A, Rehan IF, Zigo F, Zigová M, Jad MM. Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(3): 1808-1822. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.37


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Al-amgad Z, El-aziz AAA, Madkour FA, Al-amgad H, Basher AW, Mohammed HA, Elnagar A, Rehan IF, Zigo F, Zigová M, Jad MM. Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited March 31, 2026]; 16(3): 1808-1822. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.37


Harvard Style

Al-amgad, Z., El-aziz, . A. A. A., Madkour, . F. A., Al-amgad, . H., Basher, . A. W., Mohammed, . H. A., Elnagar, . A., Rehan, . I. F., Zigo, . F., Zigová, . M. & Jad, . M. M. (2026) Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean. Open Vet. J., 16 (3), 1808-1822. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.37


Turabian Style

Al-amgad, Zeinab, Amany Ahmed Abd El-aziz, Fatma A. Madkour, Hend Al-amgad, Asmaa W. Basher, Heba A. Mohammed, Asmaa Elnagar, Ibrahim F. Rehan, František Zigo, Martina Zigová, and Mariam M. Jad. 2026. Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (3), 1808-1822. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.37


Chicago Style

Al-amgad, Zeinab, Amany Ahmed Abd El-aziz, Fatma A. Madkour, Hend Al-amgad, Asmaa W. Basher, Heba A. Mohammed, Asmaa Elnagar, Ibrahim F. Rehan, František Zigo, Martina Zigová, and Mariam M. Jad. "Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 1808-1822. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.37


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Al-amgad, Zeinab, Amany Ahmed Abd El-aziz, Fatma A. Madkour, Hend Al-amgad, Asmaa W. Basher, Heba A. Mohammed, Asmaa Elnagar, Ibrahim F. Rehan, František Zigo, Martina Zigová, and Mariam M. Jad. "Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean." Open Veterinary Journal 16.3 (2026), 1808-1822. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.37


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Al-amgad, Z., El-aziz, . A. A. A., Madkour, . F. A., Al-amgad, . H., Basher, . A. W., Mohammed, . H. A., Elnagar, . A., Rehan, . I. F., Zigo, . F., Zigová, . M. & Jad, . M. M. (2026) Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced male reproductive damage in albino laboratory rats using varying concentrations of supplemented soybean. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (3), 1808-1822. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.37


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