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Research Article


The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats

Putut Har Riyadi, Eko Susanto, Tri Winarni Agustini, Apri Dwi Anggo, Mochammad Fitri Atho’illah.


Abstract
Background:
Spirulina platensis is a blue-green microalga known for its health benefits, including treating cardiovascular disease. However, research on the functional properties of S. platensis extracted via sonication remains limited.

Aim:
To investigate the efficacy of S. platensis hydromethanolic extract (SPE) on controlling blood pressure, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II (Ang II), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) model.

Methods:
Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 5), and the 20 rats were administered deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt for 5 weeks to induce SHR and treated orally with SPE for 28 days. Blood pressure was evaluated three times: initial, middle, and final treatment. The rats were then sacrificed, and the blood serum was collected. The serum was then analyzed for renin, Ang II, ACE, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde was determined based on a colorimetric assay.

Results:
Our results demonstrated that SPE could reduce hypertensive, inflammatory, and lipid peroxidation markers significantly (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Our finding suggested that SPE improves hypertension by maintaining inflammation and antioxidants. Spirulina platensis may be regarded as a potential nutraceutical supplement S. platensis may be regarded as a potential nutraceutical supplement from fishery product for managing hypertension and other diseases associated with inflammation disturbances.

Key words: Angiotensin II; Angiotensin-converting enzyme; Hypertension; Renin; Spirulina platensis.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Riyadi PH, Susanto E, Agustini TW, Anggo AD, Atho'illah MF. The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(2): 1038-1047. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.24

Web Style

Riyadi PH, Susanto E, Agustini TW, Anggo AD, Atho'illah MF. The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=275103 [Access: February 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.24

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Riyadi PH, Susanto E, Agustini TW, Anggo AD, Atho'illah MF. The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(2): 1038-1047. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.24


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Riyadi PH, Susanto E, Agustini TW, Anggo AD, Atho'illah MF. The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited February 27, 2026]; 16(2): 1038-1047. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.24


Harvard Style

Riyadi, P. H., Susanto, . E., Agustini, . T. W., Anggo, . A. D. & Atho'illah, . M. F. (2026) The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats. Open Vet. J., 16 (2), 1038-1047. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.24


Turabian Style

Riyadi, Putut Har, Eko Susanto, Tri Winarni Agustini, Apri Dwi Anggo, and Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah. 2026. The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (2), 1038-1047. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.24


Chicago Style

Riyadi, Putut Har, Eko Susanto, Tri Winarni Agustini, Apri Dwi Anggo, and Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah. "The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 1038-1047. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.24


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Riyadi, Putut Har, Eko Susanto, Tri Winarni Agustini, Apri Dwi Anggo, and Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah. "The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats." Open Veterinary Journal 16.2 (2026), 1038-1047. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.24


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Riyadi, P. H., Susanto, . E., Agustini, . T. W., Anggo, . A. D. & Atho'illah, . M. F. (2026) The protective effects of Spirulina platensis hydromethanolic extract against deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (2), 1038-1047. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.24


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