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Research Article


Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile

Karla Alvarez, Marcos Rogério André, Rosangela Zacarias Machado, Pedro Bittencourt, Ananda Müller, Carlos Hermosilla, Anja Taubert, Marcelo A. Gómez.


Abstract
Background:
Neospora caninum belongs to the subphylum Apicomplexa (phylum Alveolata) and is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that has been described as a causative agent of neuromuscular paralysis in dogs and as a major cause of bovine abortion worldwide but with limited knowledge regarding the presence of N. caninum-infected dogs in Chile.

Aim:
In this study, N. caninum seroprevalence and risk factors were investigated in dogs from Valdivia Province, Los Ríos Region, Southern Chile.

Methods:
For the study, 164 serum samples from dogs were collected, comprising 108 samples from dogs inhabiting rural areas and 56 from urban areas. The samples were analyzed using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to detect the presence of N. caninum-specific antibodies.

Results:
In total, 24.4% (40/164) of dogs were seropositive with a titer of 1:50. A greater seropositivity for N. caninum was observed in rural dogs versus urban dogs, with a seroprevalence of 28.7% (31/108) and 16.1% (9/56), respectively. Age was revealed to be a risk factor for seropositivity for N. caninum, affecting dogs ≥3 years old (p <0.05).

Conclusion:
This study is the first to report the seroprevalence of N. caninum in rural and urban dogs from Valdivia Province in Southern Chile, while also examining potential risk factors associated to N. caninum infections.

Key words: Canine neosporosis; Parasite; IFAT; Risk factors; Dogs.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alvarez K, André MR, Machado RZ, Bittencourt P, Muller A, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Gómez MA. Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6413-6422. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.26

Web Style

Alvarez K, André MR, Machado RZ, Bittencourt P, Muller A, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Gómez MA. Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=272816 [Access: December 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.26

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alvarez K, André MR, Machado RZ, Bittencourt P, Muller A, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Gómez MA. Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6413-6422. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.26


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alvarez K, André MR, Machado RZ, Bittencourt P, Muller A, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Gómez MA. Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited December 31, 2025]; 15(12): 6413-6422. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.26


Harvard Style

Alvarez, K., André, . M. R., Machado, . R. Z., Bittencourt, . P., Muller, . A., Hermosilla, . C., Taubert, . A. & Gómez, . M. A. (2025) Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile. Open Vet. J., 15 (12), 6413-6422. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.26


Turabian Style

Alvarez, Karla, Marcos Rogério André, Rosangela Zacarias Machado, Pedro Bittencourt, Ananda Muller, Carlos Hermosilla, Anja Taubert, and Marcelo A. Gómez. 2025. Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6413-6422. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.26


Chicago Style

Alvarez, Karla, Marcos Rogério André, Rosangela Zacarias Machado, Pedro Bittencourt, Ananda Muller, Carlos Hermosilla, Anja Taubert, and Marcelo A. Gómez. "Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 6413-6422. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.26


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alvarez, Karla, Marcos Rogério André, Rosangela Zacarias Machado, Pedro Bittencourt, Ananda Muller, Carlos Hermosilla, Anja Taubert, and Marcelo A. Gómez. "Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile." Open Veterinary Journal 15.12 (2025), 6413-6422. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.26


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alvarez, K., André, . M. R., Machado, . R. Z., Bittencourt, . P., Muller, . A., Hermosilla, . C., Taubert, . A. & Gómez, . M. A. (2025) Serological detection of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in dogs of rural and urban areas within the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6413-6422. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.26


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