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Research Article


Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia

Ratih Novita Praja, Aditya Yudhana, Lingga Dwi Pratama, Erliza Kusuma Pratiwi, Rizky Bedzy Herina, Devia Wahyu Setyarini, Alfi Hidayatus Sholiha, Sholeh Hafish Ahmad Fuadi, Fitri Khairunisa.


Abstract
Background:
The incidence of bacterial resistance is a serious global health concern because it reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics and complicates the treatment of infectious diseases. Mastitis is one of the most common and economically significant diseases in the dairy industry, leading to reduced milk yield, altered milk quality, and financial losses for farmers. Antibiotics are commonly used for mastitis treatment, but their excessive or inappropriate use can accelerate the development of AMR. Escherichia coli, a major foodborne pathogen, is also recognized as an important causative agent of bovine mastitis, with contamination often originating from milk and dairy products.

Aim:
This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict to provide information on suitable antimicrobial treatment for mastitis.

Method:
Exploratory laboratory research was conducted using purposive sampling. Milk samples from lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cows were screened for subclinical mastitis using the CMT. Samples with CMT scores of +++ and ++++ were processed for E. coli isolation using eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA), Gram staining, and IMViC biochemical tests. Resistance testing against different antibiotics was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion technique.

Results:
A total of 29 milk samples were examined; 17 (58.6%) samples tested positive for SCM. Among the 17 subclinical mastitis-positive samples, 4 (23.5%) were positive for E. coli. Antibiotic resistance testing of the E. coli isolates showed 100%, 25%, and 25% resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin, respectively. All E. coli isolates (100%) were sensitive to aztreonam, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion:
The antibiotic resistance patterns observed in E. coli isolates pose significant challenges for mastitis treatment in dairy farms. Although complete resistance to erythromycin limits therapeutic options, the maintained sensitivity to aztreonam, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin provides viable alternatives. These findings emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and routine resistance monitoring to preserve effective treatment options and ensure sustainable dairy production.

Key words: Antimicrobial resistance; Escherichia coli; Infectious disease; Public health; Raw milk.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Praja RN, Yudhana A, Pratama LD, Pratiwi EK, Herina RB, Setyarini DW, Sholiha AH, Fuadi SHA, Khairunisa F. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(11): 6009-6019. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.55

Web Style

Praja RN, Yudhana A, Pratama LD, Pratiwi EK, Herina RB, Setyarini DW, Sholiha AH, Fuadi SHA, Khairunisa F. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=263898 [Access: November 30, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.55

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Praja RN, Yudhana A, Pratama LD, Pratiwi EK, Herina RB, Setyarini DW, Sholiha AH, Fuadi SHA, Khairunisa F. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(11): 6009-6019. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.55


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Praja RN, Yudhana A, Pratama LD, Pratiwi EK, Herina RB, Setyarini DW, Sholiha AH, Fuadi SHA, Khairunisa F. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited November 30, 2025]; 15(11): 6009-6019. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.55


Harvard Style

Praja, R. N., Yudhana, . A., Pratama, . L. D., Pratiwi, . E. K., Herina, . R. B., Setyarini, . D. W., Sholiha, . A. H., Fuadi, . S. H. A. & Khairunisa, . F. (2025) Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia. Open Vet. J., 15 (11), 6009-6019. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.55


Turabian Style

Praja, Ratih Novita, Aditya Yudhana, Lingga Dwi Pratama, Erliza Kusuma Pratiwi, Rizky Bedzy Herina, Devia Wahyu Setyarini, Alfi Hidayatus Sholiha, Sholeh Hafish Ahmad Fuadi, and Fitri Khairunisa. 2025. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (11), 6009-6019. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.55


Chicago Style

Praja, Ratih Novita, Aditya Yudhana, Lingga Dwi Pratama, Erliza Kusuma Pratiwi, Rizky Bedzy Herina, Devia Wahyu Setyarini, Alfi Hidayatus Sholiha, Sholeh Hafish Ahmad Fuadi, and Fitri Khairunisa. "Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 6009-6019. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.55


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Praja, Ratih Novita, Aditya Yudhana, Lingga Dwi Pratama, Erliza Kusuma Pratiwi, Rizky Bedzy Herina, Devia Wahyu Setyarini, Alfi Hidayatus Sholiha, Sholeh Hafish Ahmad Fuadi, and Fitri Khairunisa. "Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia." Open Veterinary Journal 15.11 (2025), 6009-6019. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.55


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Praja, R. N., Yudhana, . A., Pratama, . L. D., Pratiwi, . E. K., Herina, . R. B., Setyarini, . D. W., Sholiha, . A. H., Fuadi, . S. H. A. & Khairunisa, . F. (2025) Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow milk associated with subclinical mastitis in the Licin Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (11), 6009-6019. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.55


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