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Research Article


Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions

Dante Dorian Ramírez Castillo, Ángel Canales Gutiérrez.


Abstract
Background:
Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum are soil-transmitted helminths of public health concern, particularly in urban areas contaminated with canine feces. Their presence in Peru’s high-altitude regions remains poorly documented despite zoonotic risks.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and larval stages of T. canis and A. caninum eggs in dog feces collected from public parks in Puno during the dry season.

Methods:
A total of 300 fecal samples were randomly collected from nine parks in Puno. The samples were processed using centrifugal flotation. To evaluate differences in prevalence and larval stages among the different zones, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Additionally, PCA and clustering analysis were performed to explore spatial patterns and associations among variables.

Results:
The highest prevalence of T. canis was recorded in the southern zone of Puno (9%), with Chanu Chanu Park standing out at 12.1% of positive samples. A. caninum showed a very low prevalence, being detected in only two parks. The dendrograms revealed clustered spatial patterns, with a higher parasitic burden concentrated in the southern zone. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 71.6% of the variability in embryonic development, associating A. caninum eggs with semi-solid feces and T. canis eggs with hard feces.

Conclusion:
T. canis is the most common parasite. However, although rare, the presence of fully larvated A. caninum eggs signals a high risk of environmental transmission. Improved sanitation and canine deworming strategies are required in high-altitude urban settings.

Key words: Ancylostoma; Feces; Park; Prevalence; Toxocara.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Castillo DDR, Gutiérrez C. Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(11): 5936-5947. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.48

Web Style

Castillo DDR, Gutiérrez C. Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=257254 [Access: June 26, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.48

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Castillo DDR, Gutiérrez C. Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(11): 5936-5947. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.48


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Castillo DDR, Gutiérrez C. Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited June 26, 2026]; 15(11): 5936-5947. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.48


Harvard Style

Castillo, D. D. R. & Gutiérrez, . . C. (2025) Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions. Open Vet. J., 15 (11), 5936-5947. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.48


Turabian Style

Castillo, Dante Dorian Ramírez, and Ángel Canales Gutiérrez. 2025. Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (11), 5936-5947. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.48


Chicago Style

Castillo, Dante Dorian Ramírez, and Ángel Canales Gutiérrez. "Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 5936-5947. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.48


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Castillo, Dante Dorian Ramírez, and Ángel Canales Gutiérrez. "Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions." Open Veterinary Journal 15.11 (2025), 5936-5947. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.48


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Castillo, D. D. R. & Gutiérrez, . . C. (2025) Parasitological survey of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Puno urban parks (3825 m): Evidence of larval development under Andean conditions. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (11), 5936-5947. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.48


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