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Research Article


Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet

I Gede Widhiantara, Putu Angga Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, I Made Gde Sudyadnyana Sandhika, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Mochammad Aqilah Herdiansyah, Intan Ayu Pratiwi.


Abstract
Background:
Atherosclerosis is often associated with inflammation and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) due to high cholesterol diet and the side effects of conventional treatment.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Blumea balsamifera extract (BBLE) and Sargassum aquifolium extract (SAE) in controling atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective in rats induced by a high cholesterol diet.

Methods:
Hypercholesterolemia induction was achieved by oral administration of feed with lard for 21 days in male Wistar rats. Next, the animals were treated with 4 mg/kg BW of BBLE (single dose) and 4 mg/kg BW of BBLE+SAE (combined dose) for 3 months and continued to be given a high cholesterol diet. The negative control (KN) was a high cholesterol diet and the positive control (KP) was simvastatin. Blood samples were taken to determine total cholesterol, Apo-E, IL-6, TNF-α, ALT and AST levels. Meanwhile, the weight of the liver and histopathology preparations were weighed.

Results:
Giving BBLE+SAE was able to reduce body weight, liver weight and cholesterol levels significantly compared to negative controls (p≤0.05). There was a significant increase in Apo-E levels in the BBLE+SAE group, as well as a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. A decrease in AST and ALT levels was shown by administering BBLE+SAE and showed a higher mean hepatocyte cell count compared to the other groups.

Conclusion:
Administration of BBLE+SAE acts as an anti-atherosclerotic and hepatoprotective agent for the liver through reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and its use was promising for clinical studies.

Key words: Anti-inflammation; Atherosclerosis; Herbal medicine; Hepatoprotective; Sub-chronic toxicity.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Widhiantara IG, Wiradana PA, Permatasari AAAP, Sari NKY, Sandhika IMGS, Panjaitan NSD, Herdiansyah MA, Pratiwi IA. Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(11): 5872-5885. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.42

Web Style

Widhiantara IG, Wiradana PA, Permatasari AAAP, Sari NKY, Sandhika IMGS, Panjaitan NSD, Herdiansyah MA, Pratiwi IA. Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=254803 [Access: June 26, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.42

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Widhiantara IG, Wiradana PA, Permatasari AAAP, Sari NKY, Sandhika IMGS, Panjaitan NSD, Herdiansyah MA, Pratiwi IA. Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(11): 5872-5885. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.42


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Widhiantara IG, Wiradana PA, Permatasari AAAP, Sari NKY, Sandhika IMGS, Panjaitan NSD, Herdiansyah MA, Pratiwi IA. Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited June 26, 2026]; 15(11): 5872-5885. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.42


Harvard Style

Widhiantara, I. G., Wiradana, . P. A., Permatasari, . A. A. A. P., Sari, . N. K. Y., Sandhika, . I. M. G. S., Panjaitan, . N. S. D., Herdiansyah, . M. A. & Pratiwi, . I. A. (2025) Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet. Open Vet. J., 15 (11), 5872-5885. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.42


Turabian Style

Widhiantara, I Gede, Putu Angga Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, I Made Gde Sudyadnyana Sandhika, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Mochammad Aqilah Herdiansyah, and Intan Ayu Pratiwi. 2025. Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (11), 5872-5885. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.42


Chicago Style

Widhiantara, I Gede, Putu Angga Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, I Made Gde Sudyadnyana Sandhika, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Mochammad Aqilah Herdiansyah, and Intan Ayu Pratiwi. "Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 5872-5885. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.42


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Widhiantara, I Gede, Putu Angga Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, I Made Gde Sudyadnyana Sandhika, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Mochammad Aqilah Herdiansyah, and Intan Ayu Pratiwi. "Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet." Open Veterinary Journal 15.11 (2025), 5872-5885. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.42


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Widhiantara, I. G., Wiradana, . P. A., Permatasari, . A. A. A. P., Sari, . N. K. Y., Sandhika, . I. M. G. S., Panjaitan, . N. S. D., Herdiansyah, . M. A. & Pratiwi, . I. A. (2025) Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. and Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh extracts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agents in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (11), 5872-5885. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.42


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