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Research Article


In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus)

Mohammad Sukmanadi, Sri Agus Sudjarwo, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Imam Mustofa, Pudji Srianto, Mirni Lamid, Hani Plumeriastuti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Mo Awwanah, Bima Putra Pratama, Agung Prasetyo.


Abstract
Background:
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that cause serious diseases and death. Among the mycotoxins, aflatoxins stand out for their significant toxic impact, especially Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by Aspergillus species. Capsaicin, known for its pungent taste, is also highlighted in this study for its potential health benefits, which have been shown to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, metabolism, analgesia, and management of disorders.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the in silico inhibition effect of capsaicin on the expression of AKT1 and MAPK1 target proteins in mice due to AFB1 induction.

Methods:
Molecular docking is a bioinformatics technique that combines biological knowledge with databases (big data) to ascertain the pattern, affinity, and possible activity of chemical compounds interacting with target proteins. When the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) changes, protein-ligand interaction occurs.

Results:
The findings demonstrated that molecular docking, protein-ligand interactions, homology modeling, target protein prediction, protein interaction analysis, and molecular visualization in silico. The target proteins AKT1 and MAPK1 were highly expressed in the AFB1 binding prediction results in mice (Mus musculus). The tethering of negative Gibbs free energy molecules was deemed satisfactory, and 3D virtual visualization demonstrated excellent adhesion to the receptors of the molecules.

Conclusion:
Capsaicin can synergistically inhibit regulatory cells through the AKT 1 and MAPK 1 signaling pathways, potentiating the hepatotoxicity action protective effect of capsaicin against AFB-1 intoxication. Therefore, capsaicin is a potential candidate for herbal medicine as a hepatoprotective agent.

Key words: Aflatoxin B1; Capsaicin; Hepatoprotection; Herbal medicine; Good health and wellbeing.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Sukmanadi M, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Khairullah AR, Madyawati SP, Mustofa I, Srianto P, Lamid M, Plumeriastuti H, Ahmad RZ, Akintunde AO, Awwanah M, Pratama BP, Prasetyo A. In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus). Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(10): 5335-5345. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.50

Web Style

Sukmanadi M, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Khairullah AR, Madyawati SP, Mustofa I, Srianto P, Lamid M, Plumeriastuti H, Ahmad RZ, Akintunde AO, Awwanah M, Pratama BP, Prasetyo A. In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus). https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=254742 [Access: June 26, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.50

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Sukmanadi M, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Khairullah AR, Madyawati SP, Mustofa I, Srianto P, Lamid M, Plumeriastuti H, Ahmad RZ, Akintunde AO, Awwanah M, Pratama BP, Prasetyo A. In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus). Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(10): 5335-5345. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.50


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Sukmanadi M, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Khairullah AR, Madyawati SP, Mustofa I, Srianto P, Lamid M, Plumeriastuti H, Ahmad RZ, Akintunde AO, Awwanah M, Pratama BP, Prasetyo A. In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus). Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited June 26, 2026]; 15(10): 5335-5345. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.50


Harvard Style

Sukmanadi, M., Sudjarwo, . S. A., Effendi, . M. H., Khairullah, . A. R., Madyawati, . S. P., Mustofa, . I., Srianto, . P., Lamid, . M., Plumeriastuti, . H., Ahmad, . R. Z., Akintunde, . A. O., Awwanah, . M., Pratama, . B. P. & Prasetyo, . A. (2025) In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus). Open Vet. J., 15 (10), 5335-5345. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.50


Turabian Style

Sukmanadi, Mohammad, Sri Agus Sudjarwo, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Imam Mustofa, Pudji Srianto, Mirni Lamid, Hani Plumeriastuti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Mo Awwanah, Bima Putra Pratama, and Agung Prasetyo. 2025. In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus). Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (10), 5335-5345. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.50


Chicago Style

Sukmanadi, Mohammad, Sri Agus Sudjarwo, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Imam Mustofa, Pudji Srianto, Mirni Lamid, Hani Plumeriastuti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Mo Awwanah, Bima Putra Pratama, and Agung Prasetyo. "In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus)." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 5335-5345. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.50


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Sukmanadi, Mohammad, Sri Agus Sudjarwo, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Imam Mustofa, Pudji Srianto, Mirni Lamid, Hani Plumeriastuti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Mo Awwanah, Bima Putra Pratama, and Agung Prasetyo. "In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus)." Open Veterinary Journal 15.10 (2025), 5335-5345. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.50


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Sukmanadi, M., Sudjarwo, . S. A., Effendi, . M. H., Khairullah, . A. R., Madyawati, . S. P., Mustofa, . I., Srianto, . P., Lamid, . M., Plumeriastuti, . H., Ahmad, . R. Z., Akintunde, . A. O., Awwanah, . M., Pratama, . B. P. & Prasetyo, . A. (2025) In silico study: Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin on the liver of aflatoxin B1-intoxicated mice (Mus musculus). Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (10), 5335-5345. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i10.50


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