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Research Article


Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets

Leonardo Reza Srimaryanto, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Azhari Athaillah Sulaiman, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Pitaloka Kurniasari, Agus Widodo, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Daniah Ashri Afnani, Saifur Rehman.


Abstract
Background:
The virulence of Salmonella sp. is increased by the presence of the mgtC gene, which allows the bacteria to survive in environments with low magnesium levels, such as inside macrophages. Salmonella sp. found on eggshells when they show resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics can be classified as multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria.

Aim:
This study aims to identify the presence of Salmonella sp. MDR and mgtC gene in chicken egg shell swabs from traditional markets in Surabaya.

Methods:
Swab samples were collected from 160 eggs (80 from broiler chickens and 80 from free-range chickens) in ten traditional markets in Surabaya. Isolation and identification were performed using culture media, including Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA), Gram staining, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM), Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA), Methyl Red and Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), and Urea Agar. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed using the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA). Molecular detection of the mgtC gene was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Results:
The results showed that 16.87% (27/160) samples were detected positive for Salmonella sp. All Salmonella sp. isolates (27) showed resistance to Erythromycin (100%). Resistance was also found to Ampicillin (77.77%, 21/27), Tetracycline (29.62%, 8/27), and Ciprofloxacin (18.51%, 5/27). No resistance to Chloramphenicol was found. In addition, 8 of the 27 isolates (29.62%) were classified as Salmonella sp. MDR. The Salmonella sp. MDR isolates also carried the mgtC gene 87.5% (7/8).

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrate the potential global public health threat posed by MDR Salmonella sp. with the mgtC gene, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and controlling antibiotic resistance in humans and animals.

Key words: Eggs, MDR, mgtC, Public health, Salmonella sp.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Srimaryanto LR, Tyasningsih W, Sulaiman AA, Budiastuti B, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Kurniasari P, Widodo A, Yanestria SM, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Riwu KHP, Afnani DA, Rehman S. Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(6): 2661-2670. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.35

Web Style

Srimaryanto LR, Tyasningsih W, Sulaiman AA, Budiastuti B, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Kurniasari P, Widodo A, Yanestria SM, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Riwu KHP, Afnani DA, Rehman S. Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=244311 [Access: July 13, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.35

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Srimaryanto LR, Tyasningsih W, Sulaiman AA, Budiastuti B, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Kurniasari P, Widodo A, Yanestria SM, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Riwu KHP, Afnani DA, Rehman S. Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(6): 2661-2670. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.35


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Srimaryanto LR, Tyasningsih W, Sulaiman AA, Budiastuti B, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Kurniasari P, Widodo A, Yanestria SM, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Riwu KHP, Afnani DA, Rehman S. Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited July 13, 2025]; 15(6): 2661-2670. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.35


Harvard Style

Srimaryanto, L. R., Tyasningsih, . W., Sulaiman, . A. A., Budiastuti, . B., Khairullah, . A. R., Effendi, . M. H., Kurniasari, . P., Widodo, . A., Yanestria, . S. M., Moses, . I. B., Ahmad, . R. Z., Riwu, . K. H. P., Afnani, . D. A. & Rehman, . S. (2025) Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets. Open Vet J, 15 (6), 2661-2670. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.35


Turabian Style

Srimaryanto, Leonardo Reza, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Azhari Athaillah Sulaiman, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Pitaloka Kurniasari, Agus Widodo, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Daniah Ashri Afnani, and Saifur Rehman. 2025. Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (6), 2661-2670. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.35


Chicago Style

Srimaryanto, Leonardo Reza, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Azhari Athaillah Sulaiman, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Pitaloka Kurniasari, Agus Widodo, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Daniah Ashri Afnani, and Saifur Rehman. "Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 2661-2670. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.35


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Srimaryanto, Leonardo Reza, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Azhari Athaillah Sulaiman, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Pitaloka Kurniasari, Agus Widodo, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Daniah Ashri Afnani, and Saifur Rehman. "Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets." Open Veterinary Journal 15.6 (2025), 2661-2670. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.35


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Srimaryanto, L. R., Tyasningsih, . W., Sulaiman, . A. A., Budiastuti, . B., Khairullah, . A. R., Effendi, . M. H., Kurniasari, . P., Widodo, . A., Yanestria, . S. M., Moses, . I. B., Ahmad, . R. Z., Riwu, . K. H. P., Afnani, . D. A. & Rehman, . S. (2025) Detection of the mgtC gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella sp. based on isolation of chicken eggshell swabs from traditional Surabaya markets. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (6), 2661-2670. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.35


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