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Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus)

Yong Zheng Wai, Boon Nie Yeoh, Wai Seng Chiang, Muhammad Hazim Bin Sharum, Nurhayati Abdul Kadir, Nur Hafizah Binti Mat Jalil, Jessie Si Wai Ho, Nur Nabila Sarkawi, Siew Te Wong, Nadzariah Cheng Binti Abdullah.


Abstract
Background:
Cataracts are a common ocular condition that affects captive sun bears, yet there is a lack of detailed case reports and ocular studies of this species.

Aim:
The examinations aim to calculate the intraocular lens (IOL) power required to achieve emmetropia following cataract surgery.

Methods:
Five Bornean sun bears diagnosed with cataracts at the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre in Malaysia underwent ocular examination under general anesthesia. Keratometry and biometry data, including anterior chamber depth, crystalline lens thickness, and axial globe length, were collected using an automated keratometer and B-mode ultrasound. The Retzlaff, Binkhorst, Colenbrander, and Fyodorov formulas were used to estimate the required IOL power.

Results:
The mean corneal keratometric power was 56.94 D, the mean axial globe length was 12.93 mm, and the mean calculated postoperative anterior chamber depth was 4.77 mm. The mean calculated IOL power is +92.96 D.

Conclusion:
Aphakic cataract surgery were decided following these findings showing no available commercial IOL implants for this species. These findings provide valuable baseline data for optimizing cataract surgery in Bornean sun bears.

Key words: Biometry, Cataract, Intraocular lens power, Keratometry, Sun bear


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Wai YZ, Yeoh BN, Chiang WS, Sharum MHB, Kadir NA, Jalil NHBM, Ho JSW, Sarkawi NN, Wong ST, Abdullah NCB. Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus). Open Vet J. 2025; 15(6): 2889-2894. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58

Web Style

Wai YZ, Yeoh BN, Chiang WS, Sharum MHB, Kadir NA, Jalil NHBM, Ho JSW, Sarkawi NN, Wong ST, Abdullah NCB. Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus). https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=242904 [Access: July 12, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Wai YZ, Yeoh BN, Chiang WS, Sharum MHB, Kadir NA, Jalil NHBM, Ho JSW, Sarkawi NN, Wong ST, Abdullah NCB. Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus). Open Vet J. 2025; 15(6): 2889-2894. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Wai YZ, Yeoh BN, Chiang WS, Sharum MHB, Kadir NA, Jalil NHBM, Ho JSW, Sarkawi NN, Wong ST, Abdullah NCB. Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus). Open Vet J. (2025), [cited July 12, 2025]; 15(6): 2889-2894. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58


Harvard Style

Wai, Y. Z., Yeoh, . B. N., Chiang, . W. S., Sharum, . M. H. B., Kadir, . N. A., Jalil, . N. H. B. M., Ho, . J. S. W., Sarkawi, . N. N., Wong, . S. T. & Abdullah, . N. C. B. (2025) Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus). Open Vet J, 15 (6), 2889-2894. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58


Turabian Style

Wai, Yong Zheng, Boon Nie Yeoh, Wai Seng Chiang, Muhammad Hazim Bin Sharum, Nurhayati Abdul Kadir, Nur Hafizah Binti Mat Jalil, Jessie Si Wai Ho, Nur Nabila Sarkawi, Siew Te Wong, and Nadzariah Cheng Binti Abdullah. 2025. Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus). Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (6), 2889-2894. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58


Chicago Style

Wai, Yong Zheng, Boon Nie Yeoh, Wai Seng Chiang, Muhammad Hazim Bin Sharum, Nurhayati Abdul Kadir, Nur Hafizah Binti Mat Jalil, Jessie Si Wai Ho, Nur Nabila Sarkawi, Siew Te Wong, and Nadzariah Cheng Binti Abdullah. "Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus)." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 2889-2894. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Wai, Yong Zheng, Boon Nie Yeoh, Wai Seng Chiang, Muhammad Hazim Bin Sharum, Nurhayati Abdul Kadir, Nur Hafizah Binti Mat Jalil, Jessie Si Wai Ho, Nur Nabila Sarkawi, Siew Te Wong, and Nadzariah Cheng Binti Abdullah. "Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus)." Open Veterinary Journal 15.6 (2025), 2889-2894. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Wai, Y. Z., Yeoh, . B. N., Chiang, . W. S., Sharum, . M. H. B., Kadir, . N. A., Jalil, . N. H. B. M., Ho, . J. S. W., Sarkawi, . N. N., Wong, . S. T. & Abdullah, . N. C. B. (2025) Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus). Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (6), 2889-2894. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58


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