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Research Article


Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations

Abdulaziz H. Almuhanna, Ayman Elnahas, Mohamed K. Zabady, Sayed El-hawari, Mohamed Marzok, Wael Eldeeb, Isam El Jalii, Zakriya Al Mohamad, Arafat Khalaphallah.


Abstract
Background:
Accurate diagnosis of digestive disorders in camels requires validation and optimization of new diagnostic technique to enable clear visualization of rumen interior.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to describe the validity of endoscopy for visualization of rumen in camel.

Methods:
Ten apparently healthy camel calves were included in this study. Each camel was appropriately restrained, and the endoscopy was inserted through the oro-oesophageal route to enable visualization of the rumen.

Results:
The application of endoscopy through the oral route allowed visualization of the upper digestive organs and the rumen. Ruminal mucosa, glandular parts of the rumen and ruminal contents were also observed. The technique was carried out safely and no clinical complications were recorded.

Conclusion:
The application of ruminoscopy in camel was shown as a non-invasive and rapid technique enabling a visual access to rumen appearance and contents. Such work has the potential to guide clinicians towards better diagnosis of ruminal disorders in the future.

Key words: Camel, Ruminoscopy, Rumen, Endoscope, Diagnostics


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Almuhanna AH, Elnahas A, Zabady MK, El-hawari S, Marzok M, Eldeeb W, Jalii IE, Mohamad ZA, Khalaphallah A. Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(5): 2122-2126. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30

Web Style

Almuhanna AH, Elnahas A, Zabady MK, El-hawari S, Marzok M, Eldeeb W, Jalii IE, Mohamad ZA, Khalaphallah A. Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=240398 [Access: June 06, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Almuhanna AH, Elnahas A, Zabady MK, El-hawari S, Marzok M, Eldeeb W, Jalii IE, Mohamad ZA, Khalaphallah A. Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(5): 2122-2126. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Almuhanna AH, Elnahas A, Zabady MK, El-hawari S, Marzok M, Eldeeb W, Jalii IE, Mohamad ZA, Khalaphallah A. Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited June 06, 2025]; 15(5): 2122-2126. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30


Harvard Style

Almuhanna, A. H., Elnahas, . A., Zabady, . M. K., El-hawari, . S., Marzok, . M., Eldeeb, . W., Jalii, . I. E., Mohamad, . Z. A. & Khalaphallah, . A. (2025) Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations. Open Vet J, 15 (5), 2122-2126. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30


Turabian Style

Almuhanna, Abdulaziz H., Ayman Elnahas, Mohamed K. Zabady, Sayed El-hawari, Mohamed Marzok, Wael Eldeeb, Isam El Jalii, Zakriya Al Mohamad, and Arafat Khalaphallah. 2025. Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (5), 2122-2126. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30


Chicago Style

Almuhanna, Abdulaziz H., Ayman Elnahas, Mohamed K. Zabady, Sayed El-hawari, Mohamed Marzok, Wael Eldeeb, Isam El Jalii, Zakriya Al Mohamad, and Arafat Khalaphallah. "Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 2122-2126. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Almuhanna, Abdulaziz H., Ayman Elnahas, Mohamed K. Zabady, Sayed El-hawari, Mohamed Marzok, Wael Eldeeb, Isam El Jalii, Zakriya Al Mohamad, and Arafat Khalaphallah. "Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations." Open Veterinary Journal 15.5 (2025), 2122-2126. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Almuhanna, A. H., Elnahas, . A., Zabady, . M. K., El-hawari, . S., Marzok, . M., Eldeeb, . W., Jalii, . I. E., Mohamad, . Z. A. & Khalaphallah, . A. (2025) Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (Camelus dromedarius): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (5), 2122-2126. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30


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