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Research Article


Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats

Taher Issa Shailabi, Ahmed Saeed Kabbashi, Osama Hussein Aldeeb, Eman Salah Basheer, Rehab Aeyad Gumaa, Ebtihal Jebriel Younes, Retaj Fawzi Mohammed, Amar Mohamed Ismail.


Abstract
Background:
There is growing interest in natural antioxidants, particularly Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum), because of their potential to protect against oxidative stress-induced organ damage and their intriguing historical use in treating various medical conditions.

Aim:
This pioneering study delved into the unique antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective effects of S. nigrum methanolic leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- induced toxicity in albino rats.

Methods:
Thirty albino rats (100–120 g) were used. The DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of S. nigrum extract. This study examined the protective effects of 150 and 300 mg/kg leaf extract against CCl4-induced toxicity. Body weight, hematological markers, and kidney and liver functions were assessed. Histological analysis of liver and kidney tissues was performed.

Results:
The radical scavenging activity of S. nigrum was a remarkable 85.02±0.01 RSA%, compared to 66.83±0.02 RSA% for gallic acid, with IC50 values of 58.3 µg/ml and 1.22 µg/ml, respectively. S. nigrum treatment significantly decreased alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities relative to CCl4-induced toxicity, a finding of significant importance in pharmacology and toxicology.

Conclusion:
The S. nigrum methanolic extract has an IC50 value of 58.3 µg/ml, demonstrating potent natural antioxidant properties that mitigate hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity induced by CCl4.

Key words: Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, S. nigrum leaf, Methanolic extract, Albino rats


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Shailabi TI, Kabbashi AS, Aldeeb OH, Basheer ES, Gumaa RA, Younes EJ, Mohammed RF, Ismail AM. Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(4): 1585-1592. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.9

Web Style

Shailabi TI, Kabbashi AS, Aldeeb OH, Basheer ES, Gumaa RA, Younes EJ, Mohammed RF, Ismail AM. Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=229616 [Access: May 11, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.9

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Shailabi TI, Kabbashi AS, Aldeeb OH, Basheer ES, Gumaa RA, Younes EJ, Mohammed RF, Ismail AM. Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(4): 1585-1592. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.9


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Shailabi TI, Kabbashi AS, Aldeeb OH, Basheer ES, Gumaa RA, Younes EJ, Mohammed RF, Ismail AM. Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited May 11, 2025]; 15(4): 1585-1592. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.9


Harvard Style

Shailabi, T. I., Kabbashi, . A. S., Aldeeb, . O. H., Basheer, . E. S., Gumaa, . R. A., Younes, . E. J., Mohammed, . R. F. & Ismail, . A. M. (2025) Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats. Open Vet J, 15 (4), 1585-1592. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.9


Turabian Style

Shailabi, Taher Issa, Ahmed Saeed Kabbashi, Osama Hussein Aldeeb, Eman Salah Basheer, Rehab Aeyad Gumaa, Ebtihal Jebriel Younes, Retaj Fawzi Mohammed, and Amar Mohamed Ismail. 2025. Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (4), 1585-1592. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.9


Chicago Style

Shailabi, Taher Issa, Ahmed Saeed Kabbashi, Osama Hussein Aldeeb, Eman Salah Basheer, Rehab Aeyad Gumaa, Ebtihal Jebriel Younes, Retaj Fawzi Mohammed, and Amar Mohamed Ismail. "Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 1585-1592. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.9


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Shailabi, Taher Issa, Ahmed Saeed Kabbashi, Osama Hussein Aldeeb, Eman Salah Basheer, Rehab Aeyad Gumaa, Ebtihal Jebriel Younes, Retaj Fawzi Mohammed, and Amar Mohamed Ismail. "Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats." Open Veterinary Journal 15.4 (2025), 1585-1592. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.9


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Shailabi, T. I., Kabbashi, . A. S., Aldeeb, . O. H., Basheer, . E. S., Gumaa, . R. A., Younes, . E. J., Mohammed, . R. F. & Ismail, . A. M. (2025) Antioxidant and protective effects of methanolic Solanum nigrum leaf extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity in albino rats. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (4), 1585-1592. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i4.9


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