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Research Article


Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats

Aulanni’am Aulanni’am, Muhammad Fikri Nur, Saidun Fiddaroini, Akhmad Sabarudin, Anna Safitri, Wibi Riawan, Dyah Kinasih Wuragil, Syifa Mustika, Ahmad Lubab.


Abstract
Background:
Hypertension is a major global health burden and a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, with a prevalence of 34.1% in Indonesia. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as captopril are widely used, their long-term use is limited due to side effects. Rice bran, a nutrient-rich byproduct of rice milling, has been reported to possess antioxidant and antihypertensive potential; however, its cardioprotective effects in hypertensive conditions remain under-explored.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation in a DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rat model, with a focus on inflammatory and structural changes in the heart.

Methods:
Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normotensive control (K−), hypertensive control (K+), a group treated with captopril (5 mg/kg BW), and groups supplemented with rice bran at 1% (D1) and 2% (D2) of the daily diet for four weeks. Hypertension was induced using DOCA-salt. Serum protein profiles were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, cardiac histopathology was assessed using Hematoxylin–Eosin staining, and TNF-α and iNOS expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Results:
Rice bran supplementation, particularly at 2%, significantly improved cardiac structure, as evidenced by reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, decreased necrosis, and restoration of myocardial organization. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the reappearance of the ~40 kDa protein band and a reduction in the ~150 kDa band in the treated group, indicating the restoration of cardiac protein expression patterns. Inflammatory markers were significantly suppressed, with TNF-α reduced by 74.9% (D1) and 76.8% (D2), exceeding the reduction observed with captopril (54.1%). Similarly, iNOS expression decreased most effectively in the D2 group (29.52% compared to the hypertensive control).

Conclusion:
Rice bran supplementation provides significant antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats, primarily through reduced inflammatory responses and improved cardiac structural integrity. These findings support the potential of rice bran as a functional dietary intervention for managing hypertension-induced cardiac injury.

Key words: ACE inhibitor; Histopathology; Hypertension; Immunohistochemistry; Rice bran.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Aulanni'am A, Nur MF, Fiddaroini S, Sabarudin A, Safitri A, Riawan W, Wuragil DK, Mustika S, Lubab A. Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(7): 4340-4350. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.21

Web Style

Aulanni'am A, Nur MF, Fiddaroini S, Sabarudin A, Safitri A, Riawan W, Wuragil DK, Mustika S, Lubab A. Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=316558 [Access: July 11, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.21

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Aulanni'am A, Nur MF, Fiddaroini S, Sabarudin A, Safitri A, Riawan W, Wuragil DK, Mustika S, Lubab A. Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(7): 4340-4350. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.21


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Aulanni'am A, Nur MF, Fiddaroini S, Sabarudin A, Safitri A, Riawan W, Wuragil DK, Mustika S, Lubab A. Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited July 11, 2026]; 16(7): 4340-4350. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.21


Harvard Style

Aulanni'am, A., Nur, . M. F., Fiddaroini, . S., Sabarudin, . A., Safitri, . A., Riawan, . W., Wuragil, . D. K., Mustika, . S. & Lubab, . A. (2026) Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Open Vet. J., 16 (7), 4340-4350. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.21


Turabian Style

Aulanni'am, Aulanni'am, Muhammad Fikri Nur, Saidun Fiddaroini, Akhmad Sabarudin, Anna Safitri, Wibi Riawan, Dyah Kinasih Wuragil, Syifa Mustika, and Ahmad Lubab. 2026. Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (7), 4340-4350. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.21


Chicago Style

Aulanni'am, Aulanni'am, Muhammad Fikri Nur, Saidun Fiddaroini, Akhmad Sabarudin, Anna Safitri, Wibi Riawan, Dyah Kinasih Wuragil, Syifa Mustika, and Ahmad Lubab. "Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 4340-4350. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.21


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Aulanni'am, Aulanni'am, Muhammad Fikri Nur, Saidun Fiddaroini, Akhmad Sabarudin, Anna Safitri, Wibi Riawan, Dyah Kinasih Wuragil, Syifa Mustika, and Ahmad Lubab. "Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats." Open Veterinary Journal 16.7 (2026), 4340-4350. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.21


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Aulanni'am, A., Nur, . M. F., Fiddaroini, . S., Sabarudin, . A., Safitri, . A., Riawan, . W., Wuragil, . D. K., Mustika, . S. & Lubab, . A. (2026) Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of rice bran supplementation via suppression of the iNOS and TNF-α axis in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (7), 4340-4350. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.21


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