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Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations

Tanveen Kaur Soni, Iram Malik, Ghulam Jaffar, Elsevar Asadov, Sheryar Afzal, Yuan Seng Wu, Ibrahim Albokhdaim, Sameer Alhojaily, Ali Tahirov, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria, Shivkanya Fuloria, Abdelrahman M. A. Elseory, Khalid Ahmed Magzoub.


Abstract
Honeybees are essential for ecosystem health and the pollination of crops, but their numbers have declined globally in recent years. Scientists, decision-makers, and beekeepers are concerned about the decline of the bee population, one of the main causes of which is viral diseases. This article aims to provide an overview of the impact of viral infections on bee populations and the effectiveness of available treatments, such as antiviral drugs, against bees. The prevalence, distribution, and impact of viruses infecting bees were first discussed in most Asian countries, including China and Pakistan. Deformed wing virus, Israeli acute paralysis, and Kashmir bees are quite common in bees. However, the prevalence and distribution of these viruses vary between Asian countries due to several factors such as pesticide use, beekeeping, and climate. Antiviral drugs such as fumagillin and ribavirin control viral infections in bee colonies. However, concerns about how these treatments will affect bee health in the long term must be addressed. Information obtained from this study underscores the significance of educating beekeeper staff, government representatives, and citizens on how to manage bee health and safeguard them from viral diseases that can harm crops and damage ecosystems. Additionally, insecticides and related risks should be studied for their potential impact on pollination and ecological equilibrium.

Key words: Antiviral drugs; Deformed wing virus; Educating beekeeper; Honey bees; Probiotics.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Soni TK, Malik I, Jaffar G, Asadov E, Afzal S, Wu YS, Albokhdaim I, Alhojaily S, Tahirov A, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Elseory AMA, Magzoub KA. Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(7): 4878-4890. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.65

Web Style

Soni TK, Malik I, Jaffar G, Asadov E, Afzal S, Wu YS, Albokhdaim I, Alhojaily S, Tahirov A, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Elseory AMA, Magzoub KA. Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=286143 [Access: July 20, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.65

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Soni TK, Malik I, Jaffar G, Asadov E, Afzal S, Wu YS, Albokhdaim I, Alhojaily S, Tahirov A, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Elseory AMA, Magzoub KA. Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(7): 4878-4890. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.65


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Soni TK, Malik I, Jaffar G, Asadov E, Afzal S, Wu YS, Albokhdaim I, Alhojaily S, Tahirov A, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Elseory AMA, Magzoub KA. Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited July 20, 2026]; 16(7): 4878-4890. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.65


Harvard Style

Soni, T. K., Malik, . I., Jaffar, . G., Asadov, . E., Afzal, . S., Wu, . Y. S., Albokhdaim, . I., Alhojaily, . S., Tahirov, . A., Fuloria, . N. K., Fuloria, . S., Elseory, . A. M. A. & Magzoub, . K. A. (2026) Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations. Open Vet. J., 16 (7), 4878-4890. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.65


Turabian Style

Soni, Tanveen Kaur, Iram Malik, Ghulam Jaffar, Elsevar Asadov, Sheryar Afzal, Yuan Seng Wu, Ibrahim Albokhdaim, Sameer Alhojaily, Ali Tahirov, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria, Shivkanya Fuloria, Abdelrahman M. A. Elseory, and Khalid Ahmed Magzoub. 2026. Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (7), 4878-4890. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.65


Chicago Style

Soni, Tanveen Kaur, Iram Malik, Ghulam Jaffar, Elsevar Asadov, Sheryar Afzal, Yuan Seng Wu, Ibrahim Albokhdaim, Sameer Alhojaily, Ali Tahirov, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria, Shivkanya Fuloria, Abdelrahman M. A. Elseory, and Khalid Ahmed Magzoub. "Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 4878-4890. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.65


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Soni, Tanveen Kaur, Iram Malik, Ghulam Jaffar, Elsevar Asadov, Sheryar Afzal, Yuan Seng Wu, Ibrahim Albokhdaim, Sameer Alhojaily, Ali Tahirov, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria, Shivkanya Fuloria, Abdelrahman M. A. Elseory, and Khalid Ahmed Magzoub. "Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations." Open Veterinary Journal 16.7 (2026), 4878-4890. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.65


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Soni, T. K., Malik, . I., Jaffar, . G., Asadov, . E., Afzal, . S., Wu, . Y. S., Albokhdaim, . I., Alhojaily, . S., Tahirov, . A., Fuloria, . N. K., Fuloria, . S., Elseory, . A. M. A. & Magzoub, . K. A. (2026) Viral infections in honey bees: Challenges, consequences, current treatment, and recommendations. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (7), 4878-4890. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.65


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