E-ISSN 2218-6050 | ISSN 2226-4485
 

Review Article


Lumpy skin disease: A growing threat to the global livestock industry

Nanik Hidayatik, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, M. Gandul Atik Yuliani, Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah, Arindita Niatazya Novianti, Ratna Damayanti, Mirza Atikah Madarina Hisyam, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Syahputra Wibowo, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih.


Abstract
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is an infectious disease in cattle caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) from the Poxviridae family. Historically, LSD was first documented in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in 1929 as a symptom of bug bite poisoning or hypersensitivity, described as 'pseudo-urticaria'. This disease, which causes widespread malaise and persistent weakness, is a serious, economically devastating, and reportable condition that lowers cattle output. The illness starts as a biphasic fever. After fever, emaciation, ocular discharge, and agalactia, clinical signs of a minor infection develop as one or two nodular lumps two to three days later. In particular, the skin of the muzzle, back, nostrils, legs, scrotum, eyelids, lower ears, nasal, perineum, and oral mucosa, and tail display painful, hyperemic nodular lesions. A number of diagnostic methods, such as virus isolation in cell culture, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, direct and indirect fluorescent antibody testing, agar gel immunodiffusion, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), western blot, and serum neutralization test (SNT), are used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. This disease is spread by arthropods, such as flies, mosquitoes, and ticks. It is most common during the rainy season, when there is a high number of biting insects, and it declines during the dry season. Numerous significant sectors and businesses have documented the direct or indirect economic impact of LSD. Since there is now no effective antiviral medication to treat LSD, the only viable method of disease containment is vaccination.

Key words: Cattle, Disease, LSD, Nodules, Virus


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext

About Open Veterinary Journal


Open Veterinary Journal provides a fast track coupled with high quality peer review process for original research articles, review articles, short communi ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information


All correspondence should be addressed to:

Prof. Ibrahim Eldaghayes: Owner, Founder and Editor-in-Chief

Open Veterinary Journal


Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Tripoli

P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya

and


Eldaghayes Publisher

www.eldaghayes.com 

Email: ibrahim.eldaghayes@vetmed.edu.ly