E-ISSN 2218-6050 | ISSN 2226-4485
 

Research Article


Immunomodulatory effect of propolis Trigona spp. in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii

Venri Novryantoro, Anissa Septiara, Kunti Tirtasari, Lucia Tri Suwanti, Ryanka Edila, Mufasirin Mufasirin, Suryo Kuncorojakti, Heni Puspitasari.


Abstract
Background:
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Infection with virulent strains of T. gondii induces excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases fatality. Propolis has potential as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator.
Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the pro-inflammatory cytokines response of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-17, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in mice infected with T. gondii RH strain and treated with ethanol extract of Trigona bee propolis (EEP) from Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), Indonesia.
Methods:
A total of 36 mice were divided into six groups with six mice per group. Group 1 was considered as a negative control; mice were not infected and not treated while in groups 2 to 6, mice were infected with 100 T. gondii (tachyzoites). Mice in group 2 were infected but not treated whereas in groups 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively, were treated orally with Cotrimoxazole 40 mg/kg body weight, EEP 1 mg, EEP 2 mg and EEP 4 mg, the day after infection for 3 days. All mice under study were euthanized following ethical considerations with prior approvals, on the fifth day post-infection and spleens were taken to observe cytokines using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test using (you may add any statistical tool/ software if used?? Like R version? , SPSS, version? If you used any of these/others)
Results:
EEP (1-4 mg) increased CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11b+ cells in infected mice, though not significantly (p>0.05), unlike cotrimoxazole, which showed significant increases (p<0.05). EEP at 2 mg and 4 mg (G5 and G6) reduced IL-2 and IL-17 in CD4+ T cells, and at 4 mg (G6) in CD8+ T cells. IL-10 expression increased in CD11b+ cells at 1 mg and in CD4+ T cells at 4 mg (G6).
Conclusion:
Propolis Ethanol Extract from Trigona spp. bees acts as an immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory in T. gondii-infected mice, supporting its potential as an anti-toxoplasmosis agent.

Key words: Immunomodulatory, Propolis ethanol extract, Toxoplasma gondii, Trigona spp.


 
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