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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 2
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Original Article


Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs

Ana Zapata, Carlos Ros, Elena Ríos-Álvarez, Myriam Martín, Alejandra García De Carellán Mateo.


Cited By:7

Abstract
Background: The techniques described for the identification of the lumbosacral (LS) epidural space in dogs do not guarantee the needle position or an accidental subarachnoid puncture, especially in small size dogs.
Aim: To determine the relationship between body weight and the location of the dural sac (DS) using myelography in dogs, and to determine the possibility of subarachnoid puncture during lumbosacral epidural based on the position of the DS.
Methods: Four masked observers evaluated 70 myelographic studies of dogs, annotating the vertebrae where the DS ended, if it was localized before or after the LS space, and if accidental subarachnoid puncture during LS epidural injection was possible (yes/no). Body weight (kg) was categorized into: less than 10 kg, between 10 – 20 kg and more than 20 kg and was also converted to body surface area (BSA) as continuous variable.
Results: The DS ended at the LS space or caudally in 50% of dogs. There was a statistically significant difference between the position of the DS and the dog’s BSA (p = 0.001). The DS ended caudal to the LS space in 72.7% of dogs weighing < 10 kg, in 25% of dogs between 10 – 20 kg and in 15% of dogs in the > 20 kg category. The observers considered a possible subarachnoid puncture during LS epidural in 69.7% of patients < 10 kg, 16.6% on those between 10-20 kg and in 11.7% of the dogs > 20 kg.
Conclusion: The DS ended caudal to the LS space in almost 3/4 dogs in the < 10 kg category, so accidental subarachnoid puncture during LS epidural is highly possible in this weight range.

Key words: Body weight, dog, dural sac, lumbosacral epidural, myelography


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Zapata A, Ros C, Ríos-Álvarez E, Martín M, Mateo AGDC. Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs. Open Vet J. 2020; 10(4): 371-376. doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i4.3

Web Style

Zapata A, Ros C, Ríos-Álvarez E, Martín M, Mateo AGDC. Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=126165 [Access: March 18, 2025]. doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i4.3

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Zapata A, Ros C, Ríos-Álvarez E, Martín M, Mateo AGDC. Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs. Open Vet J. 2020; 10(4): 371-376. doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i4.3


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Zapata A, Ros C, Ríos-Álvarez E, Martín M, Mateo AGDC. Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs. Open Vet J. (2020), [cited March 18, 2025]; 10(4): 371-376. doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i4.3


Harvard Style

Zapata, A., Ros, . C., Ríos-Álvarez, . E., Martín, . M. & Mateo, . A. G. D. C. (2020) Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs. Open Vet J, 10 (4), 371-376. doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i4.3


Turabian Style

Zapata, Ana, Carlos Ros, Elena Ríos-Álvarez, Myriam Martín, and Alejandra García De Carellán Mateo. 2020. Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs. Open Veterinary Journal, 10 (4), 371-376. doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i4.3


Chicago Style

Zapata, Ana, Carlos Ros, Elena Ríos-Álvarez, Myriam Martín, and Alejandra García De Carellán Mateo. "Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs." Open Veterinary Journal 10 (2020), 371-376. doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i4.3


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Zapata, Ana, Carlos Ros, Elena Ríos-Álvarez, Myriam Martín, and Alejandra García De Carellán Mateo. "Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs." Open Veterinary Journal 10.4 (2020), 371-376. Print. doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i4.3


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Zapata, A., Ros, . C., Ríos-Álvarez, . E., Martín, . M. & Mateo, . A. G. D. C. (2020) Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs. Open Veterinary Journal, 10 (4), 371-376. doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i4.3


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