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Research Article


Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity

Faisal Fikri, Auliyauna Miftahurrohmah, Muhammad Sbastian Pratama, Danis Farid Qosdina, Gigih Fikrillah Sya’ban, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama.


Abstract
Background:
In therapeutic scenarios, the antiinflammatory medication dexamethasone is frequently administered. However, the consequences of prolonged use and dose residue may result in dexamethasone toxicity. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid antioxidant that may lessen the harmful effects of dexamethasone.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of astaxanthin in a dexamethasone toxicity model in the kidney of albino rats based on hematological profiles and IL-6 and TNF-α expression.

Methods:
The study involved the random assignment of 25 albino rats into five treatment groups with five replications: (C-) placebo, (C+) intramuscular injection of 0.75 mg/kg BW of dexamethasone, and (T1, T2, and T3) intramuscular injection of 0.75 mg/kg BW of dexamethasone and oral administration of 2, 6, and 12 mg/kg BW of astaxanthin, respectively. All experimental animals were administered therapy for 10 days. Hematological profiles were evaluated using a blood analyzer, whereas IL-6 and TNF-α expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining.

Results:
Based on leukocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit characteristics, groups T2 and T3 were generally found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) from group C+ regarding the reduction of the effects of dexamethasone. In the meantime, group T3 showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 expression compared with group C+.

Conclusion:
The administration of 12 mg/kg BW of astaxanthin may be an antidote to dexamethasone toxicity in albino rats, according to the overall assessment of the hematological profile, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokines in the kidney.

Key words: Astaxanthin, Dexamethasone toxicity, Drug safety, Hematology, Interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor-α


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Fikri F, Miftahurrohmah A, Pratama MS, Qosdina DF, Sya'ban GF, Maslamama ST, Purnama MTE. Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(6): 2511-2517. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23

Web Style

Fikri F, Miftahurrohmah A, Pratama MS, Qosdina DF, Sya'ban GF, Maslamama ST, Purnama MTE. Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=240862 [Access: July 12, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Fikri F, Miftahurrohmah A, Pratama MS, Qosdina DF, Sya'ban GF, Maslamama ST, Purnama MTE. Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(6): 2511-2517. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Fikri F, Miftahurrohmah A, Pratama MS, Qosdina DF, Sya'ban GF, Maslamama ST, Purnama MTE. Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited July 12, 2025]; 15(6): 2511-2517. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23


Harvard Style

Fikri, F., Miftahurrohmah, . A., Pratama, . M. S., Qosdina, . D. F., Sya'ban, . G. F., Maslamama, . S. T. & Purnama, . M. T. E. (2025) Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity. Open Vet J, 15 (6), 2511-2517. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23


Turabian Style

Fikri, Faisal, Auliyauna Miftahurrohmah, Muhammad Sbastian Pratama, Danis Farid Qosdina, Gigih Fikrillah Sya'ban, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama, and Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama. 2025. Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (6), 2511-2517. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23


Chicago Style

Fikri, Faisal, Auliyauna Miftahurrohmah, Muhammad Sbastian Pratama, Danis Farid Qosdina, Gigih Fikrillah Sya'ban, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama, and Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama. "Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 2511-2517. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Fikri, Faisal, Auliyauna Miftahurrohmah, Muhammad Sbastian Pratama, Danis Farid Qosdina, Gigih Fikrillah Sya'ban, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama, and Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama. "Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity." Open Veterinary Journal 15.6 (2025), 2511-2517. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Fikri, F., Miftahurrohmah, . A., Pratama, . M. S., Qosdina, . D. F., Sya'ban, . G. F., Maslamama, . S. T. & Purnama, . M. T. E. (2025) Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats’ kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (6), 2511-2517. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23


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