Abstract
Background:
The LD50 (lethal dose causing 50% mortality) of ethylene glycol (EG) and its associated toxicity in mice (Mus musculus) were assessed by evaluating kidney function.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the acute toxicity of oral lethal dose 50% (LD50) of ethylene glycol, also degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell invasion in kidney tubules of male rats (Rattus norvegicus) as animal model.

Methods:
There were 66 DDG (Deutschland Denken Yoken) mice in 11 groups of six in this investigation. The daylong metabolic cage study contained one control (C) and ten treatment groups that received different EG doses. EG's daily BW/kg dosage varied from 0.5 mg/kg to 15,000 mg/kg. The treatment group was given a single dose of EG at a dose of T1 = 0.5 mg/kg BW, T2 = 1.57 mg/kg BW, T3 = 4.94 mg/kg BW, T4 = 15.54 mg/kg BW, T5 = 48.84 mg/kg BW, T6 = 153.55 mg/kg BW, T7 = 482.74 mg/kg BW, and T8 = 1517.66 mg/kg BW T9 = 4771.24 mg/kg BW, T10 = 14999.99 ≈ 15. 000 mg/kg BW. One-way ANOVA testing was used to analyze the data.

Results:
The LD50 value of EG in mice was determined to be 1.598 mg/kg BW, classifying EG as "Slightly Toxic." According to renal histopathology, EG dosage increased renal tubular degeneration, necrosis, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. Acute renal impairment and lower urine output were observed in the EG (4.94 mg/kg - 1517.66 mg/kg BW). Histologically, EG levels are associated with renal tubular cell degeneration, necrosis, and interstitial inflammatory cell growth.

Conclusion:
Acute EG exposure caused renal failure in male mice. Acute exposure to EG causes renal tubular cell degeneration and inflammation, indicating toxicity and health hazards.