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Research Article 


Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

Ahmed Said Al-souti, Mahmoud A. Elnakeeb, Ahmed A. El-bahlol, Mohamed M. Elnawsany, Saad M. Alsaiad, Mohamed E. Abou El Atta, Tamer Mohammed Monir Abdelrahiem.


Abstract
Background:
T-2 toxin, a type A trichothecene, exhibits hepatotoxic, immunosuppressive, and oxidative effects in fish.

Aim:
This study examines the protective effects of Mycofix Plus and Mycosorb A+ commercial mycotoxin binders against T-2 induced toxicity in gilthead seabream.

Methods:
In a 6-week feeding trial, 180 fingerlings (initial weight 100 g) were allocated into 6 groups in triplicate. The dietary groups consisted of a control, binder-only diets, a T-2 toxin-challenged group, and contaminated diets supplemented with either binder (1-g kg⁻¹). Measurements included clinical manifestations, innate immunity, oxidative status, enzymatic activity, histological changes, and survival following a V. harveyi challenge.

Results:
T-2 toxin–exposed fish exhibited severe clinical signs, organ damage, and immunosuppression of the innate immune response compared with control fish (p < 0.05). These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in cortisol and oxidative stress indicators (glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidase). In the disease-resistance trial, the T-2 group showed the highest susceptibility to V. harveyi (mortality: 90%). However, the inclusion of Mycofix Plus and Mycosorb A+ in the diets significantly counteracted the impact of the toxin, improving the antioxidant status and reducing clinical symptoms. Notably, these treatments restored survival rates to 70%–80% and provided substantial relative protection (57.14–71.43%) compared to fish receiving the T-2 toxin alone.

Conclusion:
Mycofix® Plus and Mycosorb® A+ are mycotoxin binders used as functional feed additives in gilthead seabream to reduce T-2 toxin toxicity and enhance disease resistance to V. harveyi.

Key words: Gilthead seabream; Immunosuppression; Mycotoxin binders; T-2 toxin; Vibrio harveyi.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Al-souti AS, Elnakeeb MA, El-bahlol AA, Elnawsany MM, Alsaiad SM, Atta MEAE, Abdelrahiem TMM. Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.65

Web Style

Al-souti AS, Elnakeeb MA, El-bahlol AA, Elnawsany MM, Alsaiad SM, Atta MEAE, Abdelrahiem TMM. Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=314166 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.65

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Al-souti AS, Elnakeeb MA, El-bahlol AA, Elnawsany MM, Alsaiad SM, Atta MEAE, Abdelrahiem TMM. Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.65


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Al-souti AS, Elnakeeb MA, El-bahlol AA, Elnawsany MM, Alsaiad SM, Atta MEAE, Abdelrahiem TMM. Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.65


Harvard Style

Al-souti, A. S., Elnakeeb, . M. A., El-bahlol, . A. A., Elnawsany, . M. M., Alsaiad, . S. M., Atta, . M. E. A. E. & Abdelrahiem, . T. M. M. (2026) Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.65


Turabian Style

Al-souti, Ahmed Said, Mahmoud A. Elnakeeb, Ahmed A. El-bahlol, Mohamed M. Elnawsany, Saad M. Alsaiad, Mohamed E. Abou El Atta, and Tamer Mohammed Monir Abdelrahiem. 2026. Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.65


Chicago Style

Al-souti, Ahmed Said, Mahmoud A. Elnakeeb, Ahmed A. El-bahlol, Mohamed M. Elnawsany, Saad M. Alsaiad, Mohamed E. Abou El Atta, and Tamer Mohammed Monir Abdelrahiem. "Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)." doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.65


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Al-souti, Ahmed Said, Mahmoud A. Elnakeeb, Ahmed A. El-bahlol, Mohamed M. Elnawsany, Saad M. Alsaiad, Mohamed E. Abou El Atta, and Tamer Mohammed Monir Abdelrahiem. "Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)." doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.65


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Al-souti, A. S., Elnakeeb, . M. A., El-bahlol, . A. A., Elnawsany, . M. M., Alsaiad, . S. M., Atta, . M. E. A. E. & Abdelrahiem, . T. M. M. (2026) Efficacy of biological products in mitigating clinical signs, T-2 mycotoxicosis, and vibriosis in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.65


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